Privacy - The right to be left alone—the
most comprehensive of rights, and the right most valued by a free people.
It is the ability of an individual or group to seclude or information about
themselves and thereby expresses themselves selectively. The boundaries and
content of what is considered private differ among cultures and individuals,
but share common themes.- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privacy
it is the right of a
person so keep something important for themselves like Private matters and
problems.
In the internet world
the words ‘Privacy’ might be able to be kept secret or not, that may be one of the reason why
Some people don’t associate
themselves in internet.
Information Privacy
Combination
of:
·
Communication privacy
·
Data privacy
This two part of
information privacy is generally stating the overall outlook of ‘information
privacy’, communications, for not be watched by anyone while communicating with
others and data the restrictions set in accessing one’s personal data by other
individuals and organization.
Privacy Laws,
Applications, and Court Rulings
Following are the
legislative acts passed over the past 40 years:
·
Financial Data
o Fair Credit Reporting
Act (1970)
that
regulates the collection, dissemination, and use of consumer information,
including consumer credit information.- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fair_Credit_Reporting_Act
o Fair and Accurate Credit
Transactions Act (2003)
as an
amendment to the Fair Credit Reporting
Act. The act allows consumers to request and obtain a
free credit report once every twelve months from each of the three nationwide
consumer credit reporting companies - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fair_and_Accurate_Credit_Transactions_Act
o Right to Financial
Privacy Act (1978)
is a United States federal law that gives the customers of financial institutions the
right to some level of privacy from government searches.-
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right_to_Financial_Privacy_Act
·
all are such protecting
the right to privacy of individuals
•
Children’s personal data
o
Children’s Online
Privacy Protection Act (1998)
applies to the online
collection of personal information by persons or entities under U.S. jurisdiction from children under 13 years of age. It details what a website operator must include in a privacy policy, when and how to seek verifiable consent from a parent or guardian, and what responsibilities an operator has to protect
children's privacy and safety online including restrictions on the marketing to
those under 13 - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Children's_Online_Privacy_Protection_Act
o Family Education Rights
and Privacy Act (1974)
gives parents access to
their child's education records, an opportunity to seek to have the records
amended, and some control over the disclosure of information from the records.
With several exceptions, schools must have a student's consent prior to the
disclosure of education records after that student is 18 years old. The law applies only to educational agencies and
institutions that receive funding under a program administered by the U.S. Department of Education. - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_Educational_Rights_and_Privacy_Act
•
Electronic surveillance
o
Communications Act of
1934
regulating interstate and foreign commerce in communication by wire and
radio so as to make available, so far as possible, to all the people of the
United States a rapid, efficient, nationwide, and worldwide wire and radio
communication service with adequate facilities at reasonable charges, for the
purpose of the national defense.- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communications_Act_of_1934
o
Title III of the Omnibus
Crime Control and Safe Streets Act (Wiretap Act)
protection against
unreasonable search and seizure extends to the interception of communications
and applies to all conversations where an individual has a reasonable
expectation of privacy.- https://it.ojp.gov/default.aspx?page=1284
•
Access to government
records
o Freedom of Information Act (1966 amended 1974)
Grants citizens the right to access certain information
and records of the federal government upon request
Key Privacy and Anonymity
Issues
•
Identity theft
•
Electronic discovery
•
Consumer profiling
•
Treating customer
data responsibly
•
Workplace monitoring
•
Advanced surveillance
technology
Identity Theft
Impersonation of important data. Such as;
o Name
o Address
o Date of birth
o Social Security number
o Passport number
o Driver’s license number
o Mother’s maiden name
is a
crime in which an imposter obtains key pieces of personal information, such as
Social Security or driver's license numbers, in order to impersonate someone
else..- http://searchsecurity.techtarget.com/definition/identity-theft
Electronic Discovery
•
According to our
teacher it is the collection, preparation, review, and production of electronically stored information for use in criminal and civil actions
Consumer Profiling
Outline
of significant demographic and psychographic details about the user of a
particular product. The data include the user's age category, marital status,
income level, education, occupation, sex, area of residence, and purchase
behavior patterns. Knowledge of the consumer profile is very important in the
determination of a creative advertising campaign. The advertising must appeal
to both the user and the potential user of the product.- http://www.answers.com/topic/consumer-profile#ixzz2trhdJ8Pz
Workplace Monitoring
§ process in
which incoming and outgoing mail passes through E-mail filtering software to
search for content which may violate the policies of the employer.-
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Employee_monitoring
§ Protect against employee abuses that reduce worker
productivity or expose employer to harassment lawsuits
Advanced Surveillance
Technology
§ Camera surveillance
o the
monitoring of the behavior, activities, or other changing information, usually of
people for the purpose of influencing, managing, directing, or protecting them.-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surveillance
o a way to monitor activities in an establishment
or at home, also used for security purposes
§ Global positioning system (GPS) chips
o is a
space-based satellite navigation system that provides location and time information in all
weather conditions, anywhere on or near the Earth where there is an
unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS satellites.-
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Positioning_System
o An option to locate a person or a place.
Freedom of Expression is
the political right to communicate one's opinions and ideas using one's body
and property to anyone who is willing to receive them. The term freedom of expression is
sometimes used in synonymous, but includes any act of seeking, receiving and imparting information or ideas, regardless of the medium used.
It is the right of every individual to say, write and do as a way to
speak out their mind. Democratically exclaim or declare whatever it is.
First Amendment
Rights
–
Perjury
–
Fraud
–
Defamation
–
Obscene speech
–
Incitement of panic
–
Incitement to crime
–
“Fighting words”
–
Sedition
Obscene Speech
Speech that appeals to the prurient interest, depicts sexual conduct in a patently offensive
way, and lacks serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value.
Indecently speaking can also defines this.
Speech can be obscene if the person, finds it interesting to
say implecits or sexual conduct in a way
Defamation
the action of damaging the good reputation of someone;
slander or libel.
•
Slander
–
Oral defamatory statement
•
Libel
–
Written defamatory statement
Controlling Access to Information on the Internet
This includes the following law acts:
•
Communications Decency Act (CDA) – aims to
protect especially children from all kinds of indecency such as pornography\
•
Child Online Protection Act (COPA) – this impose
heavy penalties when minors are exposed to harmful materials in the web.
•
Internet filtering – an software that is
installed with the web browser, that blocks certain sites which are indecent or
inappropriate.
•
URL filtering
–
Blocks objectionable URLs or domain names
•
Keyword filtering
–
Blocks keywords or phrases
•
Dynamic content filtering – evaluate a website
before it can be viewed
•
Uses
o Object
analysis
o Image
recognition
• Top-rated Internet filters for home users
–
NetNanny Parental Controls
–
PureSight PC
–
CYBERsitter
–
SafeEyes
–
CyberPatrol
•
ICRA rating system
•
ISP blocking
Children’s Internet Protection Act (CIPA), this
put measures in the school and libraries which are most likely students are in.
putting internet or web filters for obscene picture, videos which are harmful
to minors.
Anonymity on the Internet, is an expression that could hind a person’s
identity, anonymously express opinions without fear, exercising freedom of
speech, but could be the source of illegal or unethical if used in a wrong way.
Defamation and Hate Speech
–
Sending threatening private messages over the Internet
to a person
–
Libel directed at a particular person
Corporate Blogging
Some
company requires their employees to write blogs, which is a good way to know their
employed people thinks about the company, a best way to put in words some suggestion
and opinions. Though, this is also the start of unstop criticism that employees
might do and that worst case scenario –revealing company secrets.
Pornography
One
of the top problem of society these days. Pornography is an uprising dilemma of
the government. With the internet accessed by many individuals sites after
sites of indecent content are coming up luring people to view it.
•
CAN-SPAM Act - Specifies requirements that
commercial retailers must follow when sending messages. Federal Trade
Commission charged with enforcing the act, but has not done so effectively deterrent
in fighting the dissemination of pornography
